ph gradient การใช้

• The experiment consisted of creating a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in the dark.
• An immediate increase in ATP synthesis accompanied the dissipation of the pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
• This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane.
• Jagendorf and Uribe created the transient pH gradient by incubating chloroplasts in a pH 4 buffer for 15 seconds.
• It has been proposed that while the pH gradient has been reversed, the transmembrane electrical potential is greatly increased.
• This alternative method eliminates the problems of gradient instability and poor sample loading capacity associated with carrier ampholyte pH gradient.
• Molecules to be focused are distributed over a medium that has a pH gradient ( usually created by aliphatic ampholytes ).
• Moreover, this process is dependent on a pH gradient, due to glutamate needing to be protenated prior to transport.
• This could generate a pH gradient along the temperature gradient, and the spermatozoa might have responded to the formed pH gradient by chemotaxis.
• This could generate a pH gradient along the temperature gradient, and the spermatozoa might have responded to the formed pH gradient by chemotaxis.
• This creates a proton motive force that is the net effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• Negatively charged molecules migrate through the pH gradient in the medium toward the " positive " end while positively charged molecules move toward the " negative " end.
• For example, it has an affinity toward light, higher temperatures, high humidity, low ionic concentrations, and the acidic side of the pH gradient.
• However, since alkaliphiles have a reversed pH gradient, it would seem that ATP production which is based on a strong proton motive force would be severely reduced.
• One is TPK 3, a potassium channel that is activated by Ca 2 + and conducts K + from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma which helps establish the pH gradient.
• For instance, within the model proposed by Bjellqvist and co-workers the pK's were determined between closely related immobilines, by focusing the same sample in overlapping pH gradients.
• As a particle moves towards the pole opposite of its charge it moves through the changing pH gradient until it reaches a point in which the pH of that molecules isoelectric point is reached.
• This creates a pH gradient where conditions are acidic ( i . e . higher concentrations of protons ) in the inner membrane space, and more basic ( i . e . low concentrations of protons ) in the mitochondrial matrix.
• This generates a pH gradient and a electrical potential across this membrane . " The energy is released as protons flow back across " . . . the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase.
• As protein electrophoresis is imprecise, A1AT phenotype is analysed by isoelectric focusing ( IEF ) in the pH range 4.5-5.5, where the protein migrates in a gel according to its isoelectric point or charge in a pH gradient.